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http://www.c-span.org/video/?176252-1/desegregation-korean-war-part-1 Mary Boyd Colonel U.S. Air Force
Some one this morning asked why was the army able to continue to operate with segregated units after this Order, but if you read the plan from the order, it failed to call for complete desegregation of all military units. The army called for retention of the segregated units and promised the African American soldiers will be treated fairly and given an opportunity for training in the military. It wasn't until 1950, when the People of the Republic army crossed the 38th Parallel, that the air force and Navy actually abandoned what the at that time was thought of as de facto segregation. In another words, they claim not to be segregated but we had segregated units, segregated living, segregated accommodations ... however the army did not come to comply until 1954 when they finally reported they had no further segregated units.
而且,当时杜鲁门要签署这个命令其实都是因为美国跟苏联开始了道德竞争,要把世界上的其他国家吸引到西方一边,就必须要拔高西方平等自由价值观,至少要表面上消除种族隔离和歧视。所以,这个消除军队种族隔离制度的命令基本上不过是一纸空文,做样子的。
直到志愿军入朝作战,才使得美军消除了种族隔离。