科普：Personalized medicine （1）Wiki 个性化医学 维基解释

分两篇发，第一篇先说一下维基的定义，第二篇就我所了解的谈谈，本人不是专家，只是这几天老听到这儿的大人物天天在说这个题目，说明这个领域可能会有大的突破。翻得不好，还望指正。谢了。

先大致翻译一下：

The United States Congress defines personalized medicine as "the application of genomic and molecular data to better target the delivery of health care, facilitate the discovery and clinical testing of new products, and help determine a person's predisposition to a particular disease or condition."Traditionally, much of medical practice relies on standards of care based on epidemiologic studies of large cohorts. This approach to evidence-based medicine has revolutionized medicine during the past 50 years. However, results from large population-based studies are not always applicable to a specific individual, and physicians generally take into account specific characteristics--such as age, gender, height, weight, diet, and environment--when evaluating an individual patient.

美国国会把个性化医学定义为“将遗传基因库和分子的数据更好地应用于提供医疗保健，加快新产品的开发和临床试验”。传统上，大多数的医学实践依赖于对大量病例的流行性研究。 然而，从大量的病例得来的结果并不是总是适用于特定的个体，医生在衡量病人时总要考虑到每个人的特性，比如年龄，性别，身高，体重，饮食和环境。

Recent developments in a number of molecular profiling technologies, including proteomic profiling, metabolomic analysis, and genomic/genetic testing allow the development of personalized medicine and predictive medicine, which is the combination of comprehensive molecular testing with proactive, personalized preventive medicine. It is hoped that personalized medicine will allow health care providers to focus their attention on factors specific to an individual patient to provide individualized care. However, some question whether personalized medicine represents a true departure from traditional medical practice or is an evolutionary transition based on the latest technology.

最近在分子定性，包括蛋白定性，代谢分析，遗传基因库/遗传测试上的进步使个性化医学和预测医学（分子测试和个性化的预防医学的结合）大步前进。希望个性化医学可以让医疗单位把注意力放到针对每个病人的特定的个性化的医治。然而，人们对个性化医学是否是真的从传统医学分开或只是由于新技术引起的一个过渡。

The overarching concept that underpins personalized medicine is that information about a patient's protein, gene or metabolite profile could be used to tailor medical care to that individual's needs. A key attribute of personalized medicine is the development of so-called companion diagnostics, whereby specific molecular assays that measure levels of proteins or genes or specific mutations are used to stratify disease status, select from among different medications and tailor dosages, provide a specific therapy for an individual's condition, or initiate a preventative measure that is particularly suited to that patient at the time of administration.

支持个性化医学的整个概念就是，有关病人的蛋白，基因或代谢物的定性可以用来调适医治这个病人本身的需要。个性化医学的关键特征就是开发所谓的同步诊断，就是将蛋白含量，基因或特定的变异的专门分析用于把病症分层次，从不同的医疗方案找出最好的，或是选择最好的药的剂量，依个人条件提供特定的治疗，或是启用对特定的病人在特定的时间最好的预防措施。

The field of oncology currently is feeling the greatest impact of personalized medicine. Several examples of companion diagnostic tests that now are necessary to obtain before cancer-based therapy include measuring for the erbB2 and EGFR proteins for selecting breast, lung and colorectal cancer patients for specific targeted therapies. As the personalized medicine field advances, tissue-derived molecular information will be combined with an individual's personal medical history, family history, and data from imaging, and other laboratory tests.

癌症医学受到了个性化医学的最大的影响。在治癌有关的措施（包括测试erbB2 and EGFR 来选择乳癌，肺癌和orectal cancer ）用于特定的治疗前，必须做好几个同步诊断。随着个性化医学的发展，来自特定组织的分子信息会和各人的病史，家庭史和图像及其他测试数据相结合。

The field of personalized medicine raises many ethical issues, business opportunities, humanitarian opportunities, and some challenges.

个性化医学也引起许多道德上的问题，提供商业，人文机会和其他挑战。

我的妈，没想到这样难翻阅，肯定是错误连篇了，请医生们原谅啊，别抛砖过来！