婴幼儿期智力发育水平对照表

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Child's Age	Mastered Skills (most kids can do)	Emerging Skills (half of kids can do)	Advanced Skills (a few kids can do)
1 month	• Lifts head when lying on tummy • Responds to sound • Stares at faces	• Follows objects briefly with eyes • Vocalizes: oohs and aahs • Can see black-and-white patterns	• Smiles, laughs • Holds head at 45-degree angle
2 months	• Vocalizes: gurgles and coos • Follows objects across field of vision • Notices his hands • Holds head up for short periods	• Smiles, laughs • Holds head at 45-degree angle • Makes smoother movements	• Holds head steady • Can bear weight on legs • Lifts head and shoulders when lying on tummy (mini-pushup)
3 months	• Recognizes your face and scent • Holds head steady • Visually tracks moving objects	• Squeals, gurgles, coos • Blows bubbles • Recognizes your voice • Does mini-pushup	• Rolls over, from tummy to back • Turns toward loud sounds • Can bring hands together, bats at toys
4 months	• Smiles, laughs • Can bear weight on legs • Coos when you talk to him	• Can grasp a toy • Rolls over, from tummy to back	• Imitates sounds: "baba," "dada" • Cuts first tooth • May be ready for solid foods
5 months	• Distinguishes between bold colors • Plays with his hands and feet	• Recognizes own name • Turns toward new sounds • Rolls over in both directions	• Sits momentarily without support • Mouths objects • Separation anxiety may begin
6 months	• Turns toward sounds and voices • Imitates sounds • Rolls over in both directions	• Is ready for solid foods • Sits without support • Mouths objects • Passes objects from hand to hand	• Lunges forward or starts crawling • Jabbers or combines syllables • Drags objects toward himself

Child's Age	Mastered Skills (most kids can do)	Emerging Skills (half of kids can do)	Advanced Skills (a few kids can do)
7 months	• Sits without support • Drags objects toward herself	• Lunges forward or starts crawling • Jabbers or combines syllables • Starts to experience stranger anxiety	• Waves goodbye • Stands while holding onto something • Bangs objects together • Begins to understand object permanence
8 months	• Says "mama" and "dada" to both parents (isn't specific) • Passes objects from hand to hand	• Stands while holding onto something • Crawls • Points at objects • Searches for hidden objects	• Pulls self to standing, cruises • Picks things up with thumb-finger pincer grasp • Indicates wants with gestures
9 months	• Stands while holding onto something • Jabbers or combines syllables • Understands object permanence	• Cruises while holding onto furniture • Drinks from a sippy cup • Eats with fingers • Bangs objects together	• Plays patty-cake and peek-a-boo • Says "mama" and "dada" to the correct parent
10 months	• Waves goodbye • Picks things up with pincer grasp • Crawls well, with belly off the ground	• Says "mama" and "dada" to the correct parent • Indicates wants with gestures	• Stands alone for a couple of seconds • Puts objects into a container
11 months	• Says "mama" and "dada" to the correct parent • Plays patty-cake and peek-a-boo • Stands alone for a couple of seconds • Cruises	• Understands "no" and simple instructions • Puts objects into a container	• Says one word besides "mama" and "dada" • Stoops from standing position
12 months	• Imitates others' activities • Indicates wants with gestures	• Takes a few steps • Says one word besides "mama" and "dada"	• Walks alone • Scribbles with a crayon • Says two words besides "mama" and "dada"

Child's Age	Mastered Skills (most kids can do)	Emerging Skills (half of kids can do)	Advanced Skills (a few kids can do)
13 months	• Uses two words skillfully (e.g., "hi" and "bye") • Bends over and picks up an object	• Enjoys gazing at his reflection • Holds out arm or leg to help you dress him	• Combines words and gestures to make needs known • Rolls a ball back and forth
14 months	• Eats with fingers • Empties containers of contents • Imitates others	• Toddles well • Initiates games • Points to one body part when asked • Responds to instructions (e.g., "give me a kiss")	• Uses a spoon or fork • Matches lids with appropriate containers • Pushes and pulls toys while walking
15 months	• Plays with ball • Uses three words regularly • Walks backward	• Scribbles with a crayon • Runs • Adopts "no" as his favorite word	• "Helps" around the house • Puts his fingers to his mouth and says "shhh"
16 months	• Turns the pages of a book • Has temper tantrums when frustrated • Becomes attached to a soft toy or other object	• Discovers the joy of climbing • Stacks three blocks • Uses spoon or fork • Learns the correct way to use common objects (e.g., the telephone)	• Takes off one piece of clothing by himself • Gets finicky about food • Switches from two naps to one
17 months	• Uses six words regularly • Enjoys pretend games • Likes riding toys	• Feeds doll • Speaks more clearly • Throws a ball underhand	• Dances to music • Sorts toys by color, shape, or size • Kicks ball forward
18 months	• Will "read" board books on his own • Scribbles well	• Strings two words together in phrases • Brushes teeth with help • Stacks four blocks	• Throws a ball overhand • Takes toys apart and puts them back together • Shows signs of toilet training readiness

Child's Age	Mastered Skills (most kids can do)	Emerging Skills (half of kids can do)	Advanced Skills (a few kids can do)
19 months	• Uses a spoon and fork • Runs • Throws a ball underhand • Enjoys helping around the house	• Understands as many as 200 words • Recognizes when something is wrong (e.g., calling a dog a cat)	• Washes and dries own hands with help • Points to picture or object when you call it by name • May know when she needs to pee
20 months	• Feeds doll • Takes off own clothes • Dumps an object in imitation, such as throwing garbage away	• Learns words at a rate of ten or more a day • Can walk up stairs (but probably not down)	• May start exploring genitals • Draws a straight line • Names several body parts
21 months	• Can walk up stairs • Able to set simple goals (e.g., deciding to put a toy in a certain place)	• Throws a ball overhand • Kicks ball forward • Stacks six blocks	• Names simple picture in a book • Can walk down stairs
22 months	• Kicks ball forward • Follows two-step requests (e.g., "Get your doll and bring it here")	• Does simple puzzles • Draws a straight line • Names several body parts	• Puts on loose-fitting clothes • Might be ready for a big bed • Understands opposites (e.g., tall vs. short)
23 months	• Names simple picture in a book • Uses 50 to 70 words	• Opens doors • Sings simple tunes • Takes more of an interest in playing with other kids	• Talks about self (likes, dislikes) • Asks "why?"
24 months	• Names at least six body parts • Half of speech is understandable • Makes two- to three-word sentences	• Talks about self • Arranges things in categories • Can walk down stairs	• Begins to understand abstract concepts (e.g., sooner and later) • Becomes attuned to gender differences • Learns to jump

Child's Age	Mastered Skills (most kids can do)	Emerging Skills (half of kids can do)	Advanced Skills (a few kids can do)
25 and 26 months	• Stacks six blocks • Walks with smooth heel-to-toe motion	• Uses pronouns (e.g., I, me, you) • Washes and dries own hands	• Speaks clearly most of the time • Draws a vertical line
27 and 28 months	• Jumps with both feet • Opens doors	• Understands descrīptions (e.g., big, soft) • Draws a vertical line	• Starts to recognize ABCs • Balances on one foot
29 and 30 months	• Brushes teeth with help • Washes and dries own hands • Draws a vertical line	• Draws a circle • Balances on one foot	• Puts on a T-shirt • Names one color • Names one friend

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