地震中的活命三角 [zt]

作者:丹奇  于 2011-4-1 21:42 发表于 最热闹的华人社交网络--贝壳村

作者分类:村民村事|通用分类:热点杂谈|已有14评论

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地震中的活命三角

★地震来了,不要再躲在桌子下了!美国最有经验救援家:传授地震来临活命三角★

为救自己一命,请耐心花费10分钟细读本文并牢记,以备不时之需!
为救家人一命,请把本文连接发给家人去阅读并牢记,以防不测!

近期地震愈来愈频繁也愈猛烈,您住在地球上任何角落都可能难逃地震的伤害,小心不要被地震淘汰!以下是一位美国人写文要救各位,请勿枉费他的一番善心!

我叫道格*库普(Doug Copp)。是世界上最有经验的救援小组─美国国际救援小组(ARTI)的首席救援者,也是灾难部经理。

 
本文中以下信息能帮助大家在地震中挽救生命。
我曾经和来自60多个不同国家成立的各种救援小组一起工作过,曾在875个倒塌的建筑物里爬进爬出。在联合国灾难减轻(UNX051-UNIENET)小组中我担任了任期两年的专家。从1985年至今,除非同时发生了多个灾祸,我几乎参与了每一次重大的救援工作。

1996年,我们用我创立且被证明是正确的方法制作了一部电影。土耳其政府、伊斯坦布尔市、伊斯坦布尔大学及ARTI联合制作了这部科学研究影片。

我们模拟摧毁了一座学校,和一个里面有20个人体模型的房屋。10个人体模型用“蹲下和掩护”方法,另外10个模型使用我的“救命三角”的求生方法。
模拟地震发生后,我们通过倒塌的碎石慢慢进入建筑物,并拍摄和记录了结果。

在一个可直接观察到及科学的条件下,这部电影拍摄了我使用的求生技术。结果显示那些用“蹲下和掩护”方法的人存活率是"",而那些使用“救命三角”的人能够达到100%存活率。已有上百万人在土耳其和欧洲、美国、加拿大和拉丁美洲的电视节目看过这部片子。

我曾进入的第一个建筑物是在1985年墨西哥地震中的一个学校。每个孩子都在课桌底下。每个孩子都被压扁了。他们如能挨着课桌的走道里他们躺下,就有生还的希望。我不知道孩子们怎么会被误导要躲在某物体的下面。

简单地说,当建筑物倒塌落在物体或家俱上的屋顶重力会撞击到这些物体,使得靠近它们的地方留下一个空间。这个空间就是被我称作的“救命三角”。物体越大,越坚固,它被挤压的余地就越小。而物体被挤压得越小,这个空间就越大,于是利用这个空间的人免于受伤的可能性就越大。

下次,你在电视里观看倒塌的建筑物时,数一数这些形成的“三角”。你会发现到处都有这些三角。在倒塌的建筑物里,这是最常见的形状。几乎到处都有。我培训Trujillo(人口约为75万人的地方)的消防部门,教导人们如何求生,如何照顾他们的家人,以及如何在地震中援救他人。

Trujillo消防部门的救援总负责人是Trujillo大学教授。他陪伴我同行,他说:“我叫Roberto Rosales,我是Trujillo的首席救援者。我11岁时,我被陷在一幢倒塌的建筑物里。就是发生在1972年的那场地震中,当时有7万人死亡。我利用我哥哥摩托车旁的‘救命三角’保住了生命。我的朋友们,躲在床下,桌子下的人都死了,我可以称作是‘生命三角’活生生的例子,而我那些朋友是“蹲下和掩护”的例子。”

道格观察到地震中的自救10项要领 :

◣当建筑物倒下时,每个只“蹲下和掩护”的人都几乎全被压死了。而那些躲到物体,如桌子,或汽车下躲避的人也总是受到了重伤或死亡。





猫,狗和小孩子在遇到危险的时候,会自然地蜷缩起身体。地震时,你也应这么做。这是一种安全的本能。而你在一个很小的空间里便可做到。靠近一个物体,一个沙发,或一个大物体,结果它仅受到轻微的挤压。

在地震中,木质建筑物最牢固。木头具有弹性,并且与地震的力量一起移动。如果木质建筑物倒塌了,会留出很大的生存空间,而且,木质材料密度最小,重量最小。砖块材料则会破碎成一块块更小的砖。砖块会造成人员受伤,但是,被砖块压伤的人远比被水泥压伤的人数要少得多。


如晚上发生地震,而你正在床上,你只要简单地滚下床。床的周围便是一个安全的空间。

 如地震发生,你正在看电视,不能迅速地从门或窗口逃离,那就在靠近沙发或椅子的旁边躺下,然后蜷缩起来。

大楼倒塌时,被发现很多人在门口死亡!这是怎么回事?如你站在门框下,当门框向前或向后倒下时,你会被头顶上的屋顶砸伤。如门框向侧面倒下,你会被压在当中,所以,不管怎么样,你都会受到致命伤害!





◣千万不要走楼梯!因楼梯与建筑物摇晃频率不同,楼梯和大楼的结构物会不断发生个别碰撞。人在楼梯上时,会被楼梯的台阶割断,会造成很恐怖的毁伤!就算楼梯没有倒塌,也要远离楼梯,哪怕不是因为地震而断裂,还会因为承受过多的人群而坍塌。

◣尽量靠近建筑物的外墙或离开建筑物。靠近墙的外侧远比内侧要好。你越靠近建筑物的中心,你的逃生路径被阻挡的可能性就越大。

◣地震时,在车内的人会被路边坠落的物体砸伤,这正是Nimitz Freeway路上所发生的事情。San Francisco地震无辜受害者都是呆在车内。其实,他们可简单地离开车辆,靠近车辆坐下,或躺在车边就可以了。所有被压垮的车辆旁边都有一个3英呎高的空间,除非车辆是被物体垂直落下。

◣我发现,在报社或办公室里堆有很多报纸的地方,通常会好些,因为报纸不受挤压。你在纸堆旁可找到一个比较大的空间。

另外,家家户户地震预测警报方法,可提前110分钟预报关于地震,请多转发,功德无量。
中国及世界,已经开始正式严肃的对待预防地震的课题。
国际组织预报今年地球将进入地球地震年 所以在这里给我朋友们推荐一种地震预报的方法是:

把一块磁铁用绳子挂在高处,下面正对地板砖或一个铁盆,磁铁上粘一块大铁块。地震前地球磁场发生剧烈变化,磁铁会失去磁性。铁块掉下来,落在地上或盆上,发出响声。此法在房屋没有晃动前就会提前预警。提前时间10分钟至几十秒。
如果掉下来了,必发生大震。尽量转发一下,让更多的人知道,也许你的传播在以后会救许多人的性命。

牢记,以备不时之需!
为救家人一命,请把本文连接发给家人去阅读并牢记,以防不测!



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发表评论 评论 (14 个评论)

3 回复 在美一方 2011-4-1 22:12
这个已经辟谣了,这人不是什么专家,而且他推荐的某些方法是可能有危害的。
2 回复 在美一方 2011-4-1 22:15
美国红十字会的回应,供参考:


American Red Cross response to “Triangle of Life” by Doug Copp

Sent from
Rocky Lopes, PhD
Manager, Community Disaster Education
American Red Cross National Headquarters

Recently it has been brought to my attention that an email from Doug Copp, titled "Triangle of Life," is making its rounds again on the Internet. "Drop, Cover, and Hold On" is CORRECT, accurate, and APPROPRIATE for use in the United States for Earthquake safety. Mr. Copp's assertions in his message that everyone is always crushed if they get under something is incorrect.

Recently, the American Red Cross became aware of a challenge to the earthquake safety advice "Drop, Cover, and Hold On." This is according to information from Mr. Doug Copp, the Rescue Chief and Disaster Manager of American Rescue Team International (a private company not affiliated with the U.S. Government or other agency.) He says that going underneath objects during an earthquake [as in children being told to get under their desks at school] is very dangerous, and fatal should the building collapse in a strong earthquake. He also states that "everyone who gets under a doorway when a building collapses is killed." He further states that "if you are in bed when an earthquake happens, to roll out of bed next to it," and he also says that "If an earthquake happens while you are watching television and you cannot easily escape by getting out the door or window, then lie down and curl up in the fetal position next to a sofa, or large chair." These recommendations are inaccurate for application in the United States and inconsistent with information developed through earthquake research. Mr. Copp based his statements on observations of damage to buildings after an earthquake in Turkey. It is like "apples and oranges" to compare building construction standards, techniques, engineering principles, and construction materials between Turkey and the United States.

We at the American Red Cross have studied the research on the topic of earthquake safety for many years. We have benefited from extensive research done by the California Office of Emergency Services, California Seismic Safety Commission, professional and academic research organizations, and emergency management agencies, who have also studied the recommendation to "drop, cover, and hold on!" during the shaking of an earthquake. Personally, I have also benefited from those who preceded me in doing earthquake education in California since the Field Act was passed in 1933.

What the claims made by Mr. Copp of ARTI, Inc., does not seem to distinguish is that the recommendation to "drop, cover, and hold on!" is a U.S.-based recommendation based on U.S. Building Codes and construction standards. Much research in the United States has confirmed that "Drop, Cover, and Hold On!" has saved lives in the United States. Engineering researchers have demonstrated that very few buildings collapse or "pancake" in the U.S. as they might do in other countries. Using a web site to show one picture of one U.S. building that had a partial collapse after a major quake in an area with thousands of buildings that did not collapse during the same quake is inappropriate and misleading.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which collects data on injuries and deaths from all reportable causes in the U.S., as well as data from three University-based studies performed after the Loma Prieta (September, 1989) and Northridge (January, 1994) earthquakes in California, the following data are indicated: Loma Prieta: 63 deaths, approximately 3,700 people were injured. Most injuries happened as a result of the collapse of the Cypress Street section of I-880 in Oakland. Northridge: 57 deaths, 1,500 serious injuries. Most injuries were from falls caused by people trying to get out of their homes, or serious cuts and broken bones when people ran, barefooted, over broken glass (the earthquake happened in the early morning on a federal holiday when many people were still in bed.) There were millions of people in each of these earthquake-affected areas, and of those millions, many of them reported to have "dropped, covered, and held on" during the shaking of the earthquake.

We contend that "Drop, Cover, and Hold On" indeed SAVED lives, not killed people. Because the research continues to demonstrate that, in the U.S., "Drop, Cover, and Hold On!" works, the American Red Cross remains behind that recommendation. It is the simplest, reliable, and easiest method to teach people, including children.

The American Red Cross has not recommended use of a doorway for earthquake protection for more than a decade. The problem is that many doorways are not built into the structural integrity of a building, and may not offer protection. Also, simply put, doorways are not suitable for more than one person at a time.

The Red Cross, remaining consistent with the information published in "Talking About Disaster: Guide for Standard Messages," (visit http://www.disastereducation.org/guide.html ) states that if you are in bed when an earthquake happens, remain there. Rolling out of bed may lead to being injured by debris on the floor next to the bed. If you have done a good job of earthquake mitigation (that is, removing pictures or mirrors that could fall on a bed; anchoring tall bedroom furniture to wall studs, and the like), then you are safer to stay in bed rather than roll out of it during the shaking of an earthquake.

Also, the Red Cross strongly advises not try to move (that is, escape) during the shaking of an earthquake. The more and the longer distance that someone tries to move, the more likely they are to become injured by falling or flying debris, or by tripping, falling, or getting cut by damaged floors, walls, and items in the path of escape. Identifying potential "void areas" and planning on using them for earthquake protection is more difficult to teach, and hard to remember for people who are not educated in earthquake engineering principles. The Red Cross is not saying that identifying potential voids is wrong or inappropriate. What we are saying is that "Drop, Cover, and Hold On!" is NOT wrong -- in the United States. The American Red Cross, being a U.S.-based organization, does not extend its recommendations to apply in other countries. What works here may not work elsewhere, so there is no dispute that the "void identification method" or the "Triangle of Life" may indeed be the best thing to teach in other countries where the risk of building collapse, even in moderate earthquakes, is great.
2 回复 在美一方 2011-4-1 22:16
著名打假网站 snope 对此的调查

http://www.snopes.com/inboxer/household/triangle.asp
3 回复 在美一方 2011-4-1 22:19
哦,是不是我瞎认真了,今天April fool  
2 回复 ofox 2011-4-1 22:40
在美一方: 哦,是不是我瞎认真了,今天April fool   
  
2 回复 在美一方 2011-4-1 23:08
ofox:   
  
2 回复 wcat 2011-4-1 23:31
在美一方: 哦,是不是我瞎认真了,今天April fool   
你可能被fool吗?
4 回复 在美一方 2011-4-2 00:40
wcat: 你可能被fool吗?
当然可能,经常的事儿  
2 回复 丹奇 2011-4-2 01:14
在美一方: 这个已经辟谣了,这人不是什么专家,而且他推荐的某些方法是可能有危害的。
谢谢在美提醒。俺认真看看。
4 回复 丹奇 2011-4-2 01:14
在美一方: 美国红十字会的回应,供参考:


American Red Cross response to “Triangle of Life” by Doug Copp

Sent from
Rocky Lopes, PhD
Manager, Community Disast ...
看来这个建议只适用于美国的木头建筑。
3 回复 丹奇 2011-4-2 01:15
在美一方: 著名打假网站 snope 对此的调查

http://www.snopes.com/inboxer/household/triangle.asp
嗯,值得重视。
3 回复 丹奇 2011-4-2 01:16
在美一方: 哦,是不是我瞎认真了,今天April fool   
你的认真是很有益的,看来还真是俺被fool了
3 回复 丹奇 2011-4-2 01:16
ofox:   
I am fooled!
3 回复 yulinw 2011-4-2 09:39
在美一方: 哦,是不是我瞎认真了,今天April fool   
   看来是丹奇fooled了~~·

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