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要确定有没有实现预期编辑并且确定有没有发生错误编辑(脱靶突变)就必须真正拿到胚胎细胞全基因组碱基序列。这就必须提取早期胚胎细胞作全基因组测序。同样重要的是,为保证剩余的胚胎细胞仍然有能力发育成为完整的胎儿,这些细胞必须是全能胚胎细胞,这就必须在早期胚胎只有几个或者十几个细胞的时候进行。因此只能分离出几个细胞作基因组全序列测定。为了确保结果的可靠性还必须用这几个细胞进行重复检测,这样就必须有能力实现单细胞全基因组测序,也就是贺建奎在论文中提到的关键词whole genome single cell sequencing。
麻省理工评论杂志上的骗子科学家Fyodor Urnov说必须检测胚胎中的每一个细胞才能确定没有没有脱靶突变,说明他们在技术上用单个细胞无法得到全基因组序列。所以必须用一个胚胎中所有细胞的测序结果整合在一起。所以他们无法实现对任何成体动物的基因编辑,更不必说他们敢把这一技术用于人。
Fyodor Urnov的欺骗之处在于,他没有明确表示他们无法用一个单一细胞完成全基因组测序,反过来指责能够用单一细胞进行基因组测序的贺建奎“把真相藏在地毯下面”。同时,这个骗子站在同盟立场上支持了另一个骗子,也就是麻省理工评论编辑Antonio Regalado。Antonio Regalado说虽然贺建奎在提取的胚胎细胞全基因组测序没有发现脱靶突变,在同一胚胎他没有提取的那些最后长成胎儿的细胞中仍然可能存在脱靶突变,而贺建奎故意掩盖了。这个骗子公然直接否定了细胞增殖遗传物质以高度保守方式复制的基本法则。
科学骗子Antonio Regalado和 Fyodor Urnov 言论原文如下:
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Antonio Regalado:Here the team discusses their search for such unwanted edits, called “off-target” mutations, and say they found just one.
The search was incomplete, however, and the manus**t also glosses over a key point: any cells the researchers took from the early-stage embryos to test didn’t, therefore, actually contribute to the twins’ bodies. The remaining cells, the ones that would multiply and grow to become the twins, could have harbored off-target effects too, but there would have been no way to know that in advance of starting the pregnancy.
—Fyodor Urnov: An egregious misrepresentation of the actual data that can, again, only be described as a blatant falsehood. It is technically impossible to determine whether an edited embryo “did not show any off-target mutations” without destroying that embryo by inspecting every one of its cells. This is a key problem for the entirety of the embryo-editing field, one that the authors sweep under the rug here.
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Antonio Regalado:Here the team discusses their search for such unwanted edits, called “off-target” mutations, and say they found just one.
The search was incomplete, however, and the manus**t also glosses over a key point: any cells the researchers took from the early-stage embryos to test didn’t, therefore, actually contribute to the twins’ bodies. The remaining cells, the ones that would multiply and grow to become the twins, could have harbored off-target effects too, but there would have been no way to know that in advance of starting the pregnancy.
—Fyodor Urnov: An egregious misrepresentation of the actual data that can, again, only be described as a blatant falsehood. It is technically impossible to determine whether an edited embryo “did not show any off-target mutations” without destroying that embryo by inspecting every one of its cells. This is a key problem for the entirety of the embryo-editing field, one that the authors sweep under the rug here.
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人类历史上所有的伦理道德必然与一定的生产力发展相联系。曹操杀了华佗扼杀了中医外科的命脉,就是因为他认为华佗要给他作开颅手术是不治他病而是要他的命。贺建奎创立的单细胞全基因组测序把不可能的事情变成了可能,为基因编辑治疗人类疾病开创了道路。单细胞全基因测序总有一天会成为标准操作,不论科学骗子们与专制政府如何无耻陷害栽赃污蔑,贺建奎的工作必将在科学技术史上留下光彩的一页。