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亚裔美国人遗产： 李美步 (Mabel Lee)博士
像许多在20世纪早期和中期成年的亚裔美国人一样，20世纪50年代，李美步 (Mabel Lee)的相对名气或名声逐渐消失。到那时，许多美国人认为移民的同化是不可避免的，非洲裔美国人的融合是迈向非种族社会的最后一步。因此，承认或强调外国裔美国人之间的种族或民族差异已经不再可接受了（尽管他们认识到各国之间的文化差异应得到尊重和尊重）。
作为1925年至1966年间纽约第一中国浸信会(he First Chinese Baptist Church of New York)的事实上的牧师，李美步（1896-1966）在动荡时期获得了一个相对舒适的利基。女性传教运动和社会福音，大萧条，中日冲突，第二次世界大战，中国内战和冷战的衰落都对她所培养的信念提出了挑战。离开教堂并追求非宗教生活的玛格丽特·钟（Margaret Chung）将自己的生命奉献给纽约唐人街的会众和社区服务中心。她也很不寻常，因为她获得了博士学位，这在华裔美国女性中非常罕见。最后，即使她分享了她父亲的福音派，她也受到了社会福音的进步主义的熏陶。因此，她从未与自20世纪60年代以来主导中国教会的中国原教旨主义者和福音派人士的浪潮联系在一起。
二十多年前，当我还是布鲁克林的青年和副牧师时，我第一次了解到李美步。即使在我更加进步的Metro New York American Baptist部门的同事中，女性成为会众的主要牧师（更不用说中国女性）也是不寻常的。所以我在美国浸信会历史学会和纽约第一中国浸信会的档案中调查并找到了关于她的资料。由于我有限的汉语技能和向丹佛神学院的过渡，这个研究项目从未感觉完整。但我设法凑齐地在1996年美国历史学家组织会议上提交论文。这篇论文有一个相当矛盾的结论，所以我邀请其他可能更了解Mabel Lee的人提供更精确的生活叙述。论文可以在这里下载：
关于她的简短文章可以在Susan Hill Lindley和Eleanor J. Stebner编辑的“威斯敏斯特女性美国宗教历史手册”中找到（Westminster / John Knox，2008），第130页。它引用了我的章节“中国新教民族主义美国，1880-1927，“新精神家园：宗教和亚裔美国人，由David Yoo编辑（夏威夷大学出版社，1999年）”和我提交的论文。不幸的是，由于我的论文中有一个错字，它错误地将她的出生年份确定为1893而不是1896年。
Mabel Lee：女性选举权倡导者和女权主义者
李美步是牧师的孩子。她的父亲Lee To自1904年以来一直担任纽约唐人街浸信会中国布道团的牧师。
李美步于1896年出生于广州，陪同父亲到美国并在美国公立学校学习。她就读于巴纳德学院，并于1916年毕业。然后，她获得了博士学位。 1921年，哥伦比亚大学获得经济学学位。她的论文于当年晚些时候出版。
除了她父亲的福音派虔诚之外，她还分享了他对纽约和海外华人社区的社会问题的热情。在大学期间，她融入了对信仰，中国重建和女性选举的热爱。
我摘录了她的演讲“中国被埋没的一半”（1915年？）和“中国学生月刊”（1914年5月）题为“女性选举权的意义”的文章中的几句话。整个演讲和文章都可以点击下载以下链接。
我们回到世纪之前的[中国]政治家们已经感受到了对女性教育的需求，并且一定希望得到它。但他们唯一希望的好处是什么？
传教士轮到他们了。他们不仅希望和祈祷，而且还辛苦劳作。这主要是由于他们面对几乎无法克服的障碍而作出的不懈努力，目前对妇女教育的兴趣归功于它的存在。
现在轮到我了。我们在回应责任时会做些什么？
* * *
为了促进这样的事业，我们学生应该发挥主导作用。对我们来说，尤其是最先出现的女孩，将成为开拓者的职责，如果我们分享，我们的将是荣誉和荣耀。
中国的福利以及它作为一个独立国家的存在可能取决于对其妇女的迟缓正义。因为没有一个国家能够在文明方面取得真正和持久的进步，除非其女性能做到跟男子即使不是齐头并进也要紧紧追近。
[妇女选举权]只不过是对我们正义和平等观念的更广泛应用。我们都相信民主的观念;妇女选举权或女权主义运动（妇女选举权是第四部分）是民主对妇女的适用。
李美步：牧师和社区服务工作者
完成学业后，李美步博士完全有意回到中国。纽约市大都会浸信会公报报道：
1923年3月28日，李小姐乘船前往法国，现在她正在从事欧洲经济学研究，为她的祖国中国服务做更充分的准备，以担当光荣大任。
在她的一封信中，李小姐说：“我为美国感谢上帝，这给了我很好的发展机会和对知识领域如此敏锐的洞察力。我觉得我的生活必须致力于帮助我自己的人民。
作为一名女性选举权利倡导者和女权主义者，李博士对在女性传教士和社会改革组织中的职业生涯不太感兴趣。
但是在次年11月，她父亲李德牧师在调解对抗唐人街帮派之间的和平时去世了。 李美步然后回到纽约市，向她的母亲倾诉，并承担起传道的责任。随着中国情况的恶化，时局的希望变得暗淡。很明显，任务和社区中心的生存取决于李美步的技能。
1925年夏天，5月30日运动在中国爆发，而李博士正准备重新致力于唐人街的使命。她停下来向会众写了一封劝诫信。在这一过程中，她表现出对中国的热爱，以及在运动中越来越反基督教的敌意中捍卫基督教。我在下面摘录了一个选项。 [整个信件可以在此链接下载]。
所有这一切都导致人们认为我们比以往任何时候都更需要基督教。这是整个世界以及特定国家和人民的需要。这是我们每个人作为个人的需要。毕竟，一个国家只是其个人的总和。如果我们没有合格的公民，我们就永远不会有一个好国家。
因此，即使在这个兴奋的时刻，不仅有时间聚集基督徒，而且特别需要我们应该聚集在一起，以更新我们的信仰和信任，并重新解决我们每个人都将成为更有价值的门徒福音和传播基督。
我们可能会责怪外国政府和人民，我们可能会抗议，甚至可能流血。但除非拥有合格的公民，否则中国永远不会强大。不仅外部有敌人，内部的敌人更加危险。我们能够真正制胜的唯一方法是通过将基督置于其中而通过内心。
重要的不是国籍。并非所有中国人都值得信任，并非所有外国人都急于消灭我们。我们有很多外国朋友非常渴望帮助我们赢得自己的权利。不同之处在于他们心中有基督教。在一些外国政府中，公民非常有兴趣看到我们公平竞争，他们说服政府以反映和赞助他们的个人意见。
因此，让我们不要忘记我们在特派团工作的重要性。它可能看起来很小，但影响非常大。我们投入的每一点都很重要。正如你的主席曾在我们的工作中对我说的那样，“我们必须是激进的”。我们因为新的认识而重新致力于我们的任务，每一个进入使命的男孩都会认识基督。
基督教是中国的救赎，是整个世界的救赎。国籍不会分裂我们因为我们是一个人的心。让我们祈祷中国将为基督而存在。
李美步对中国的兴趣可能从未减弱。但是我没有找到关于她在1950年共产党胜利的想法的文件。无论如何，她将余生都献给了小教堂和社区服务中心，毫无疑问，她对纽约唐人街不断增长的儿童和家庭人口产生了影响。
1925年7月3日 李美步博士给教友的一封信（背景介绍和原文）
Letter from Dr. Mabel Lee to New York Chinese Baptist Church members
(dated July 3rd, 1925)
Note: This letter is located in the archives of the New York Chinese Baptist Church. It illustrates
the deep concern that Chinese Christians in the United felt about developments in China in
1925. Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) had died on March 12. China was internally divided and
unable to fend off foreign domination. Frustration and unrest led to a major labor and antiimperialist
movement, known as the May 20th movement [五卅運動]. The incident that
sparked the movement occurred when Shanghai Municipal Police officers fired into a crowd of
student protesters in the International Settlement on May 30, 1925. The demonstrators were
angered by the previous arrest of several students who were on their way to the funeral of a
fellow activist. The shootings left several demonstrators dead and nation-wide anti-foreign
demonstrations and riots erupted. The May 30th movement received international censure.
Many within the movement turned against Christianity and renewed its identification with
Western imperialism. For a generation, mainline Chinese Protestants had claimed that
Christianity was the key to democracy and modernization. They pointed to Sun Yat-sen, the
establishment of the Republic, and key leaders in an emerging China who professed faith as
evidence. But this new turn put many Chinese Christians on the defensive. In Dr. Mabel Lee’s
letter to her congregation, she is sympathetic towards the May 30th movement, but continued
to defend Christianity as “the salvation of China.” — Tim Tseng (Dec. 12, 2013)
* * * *
July 3rd, 1925
Dear Fellow-Members;
As I am sitting down to write this letter to you I can hear some friends of mine discussing
the situation in China and their earnestness makes them quite oblivious of even my
typewriter going on near them.
Yes, I think all Chinese are very much absorbed in the daily news we receive from China; and
not only the Chinese, but all our friends who are interested in our country. We all hope that
this may prove an opportunity for the restoration of some of our rights enabling us make
further progress in gaining for China her rightful place among the nations.
Of course we feel that we have been deeply wronged by various governments, that we must
protest against their attitude, that we must make them understand we will not tolerate such
treatment. And we feel this so strongly that some are willing to advocate even very serious
measures, ready to sacrifice their lives if it will help the cause.
And on the other side there are governments and peoples watching us with cold calculating
eyes, not willing to yield an inch if it can be avoided. They still feel that it is their “burden” to
overrun other nations weaker than they, because it is to advance their civilization.
Needless to say that it is such covetous attitudes which cause all the trouble and has always
caused troubles between nations as well as individuals. And not only on the part of foreign
governments and their agents, but on the part of our own people who have given foreign
powers their chance by their betrayal of our country. Attracted by individual gain and profit
they forget all their fellow-countrymen.
And all this leads to the thought that we need Christianity more than ever. It is the need of
the whole world, as well as the particular nations and peoples. And it is the need of every
one of us as individuals. For after all, a nation is only the sum of its individuals. We can never
have a fine country if we do not have the right kind of citizens in it.
Thus even at this time of excitement there is not only time for a gathering of Christians, but
special need that we should thus come together to renew our faith and trust, and resolve
anew that we will each be more worthy disciples in wining more to the gospel and
spreading Christ.
We might blame foreign governments and people, we may protest, and we may even shed
blood. But China can never be strong unless she has the right kind of citizens. It is not only
the enemy without. The enemy within is ever more dangerous. And the only way we can
really conquer is through the heart, by putting Christ within.
It is not the nationality which counts. Not all Chinese are to be trusted, and not all foreigners
are anxious to crush us. We have many foreign friends who are very anxious to help us win
our rights. The difference lies in the fact that they have Christianity in their hearts. And in
some foreign governments, the citizens are so much interested in seeing that we have fair
play, that they have persuaded their governments to reflect and sponsor their individual
opinions.
Let us therefore not forget the significance of our work in the Mission. It may seem very
small, but the influence is very vast. Every little we put in counts. “We must be militant” as
your chairman once said to me, in our work. That we because of new realization rededicate
ourselves to our tasks, that every boy who comes into the Mission will be made to know
Christ.
Christianity is the salvation of China, and the salvation of the whole world. Nationality does
not divide us for we are one at heart. Let us pray that China will be for Christ.
I have been writing this letter just as the thoughts came to me, and now I feel guilty for
having taken so much of your time. I feel I am missing a great deal not to be able to be
present with you all to have the inspiration which your presence give. But I hope you will
write me when you have time to do so. (Mail will have to be addressed to my home address
548 Riverside Dr. where it will be forwarded to me as I have not yet a steady address.) And I
find encouragement in even the thought alone of knowing of your meeting.
Real summer is here with July and August. I hope you will all not work too hard, but have
some rest and recreation during this hot weather.
With my best regards to you all.
Faithfully yours,
Mabel Lee